Harnessing Generative AI in Education: A Review of Innovations, Challenges, and Opportunities

Abstract

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) tools, such as ChatGPT, DALL·E, and other large language models, have rapidly emerged as transformative technologies in the educational landscape. This review synthesizes current literature on the use of generative AI in education, focusing on applications across instruction, assessment, content creation, and student support. The paper explores pedagogical opportunities, examines the ethical and technical challenges associated with GenAI deployment, and identifies critical gaps in empirical research. Finally, it discusses future directions for integrating generative AI into educational systems that are inclusive, equitable, and aligned with human-centered learning goals.